APERSEPSI Pernahkah kamu membaca dongeng “Cinderella”? Apakah kamu merasa terhibur setelah membacanya? Baqaimana dengan cerita rakyat “Malin Kundang”? Apakah kamu dapat mengambil nilai moral dari isi cerita tersebut? Cinderella dan Malin Kundang merupakan contoh narrative text yang mana ceritanya merupakan fiktif atau karangan belaka. Pada bab ini, kita akan belajar memahami isi dan nilai-nilai moral yang terkandung dalam narrative text.
PETA KONSEP
1. NARRATIVE
a. Pengertian
Narrative teks bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata, khayal atau peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya menemukan suatu penyelesaian. Contoh: dongeng, fable (cerita hewan), myth (mitos) dan short story (cerita pendek).
b. Tujuan (Communicative Purpose)
Tujuan penulis menulis teks naratif adalah menghibur pembaca tentang pengalaman nyata, khayal atau pelik yang mengarah pada krisis dan akhirnya menemukan penyelesaian (To amuse, entertain and to dealt with actual or various experience in different ways). Struktur teks (Organization of the Text) Supaya tujuan komunikatifnya tercapai dan ceritanya mudah dipahami, ada struktur teks (generic structure) dalam mendongeng/ bercerita, yaitu:
- Orientation; Pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat terjadinya peristiwa.
- Complication; Masalah/konflik dalam cerita.
- Resolution; Penyelesaian masalah.
- Reorientation; Pengenalan ulang yang merangkum rentetan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan (tidak wajib)
- Coda: perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita. (tidak wajib)
OnCom ResTO (On Orientation, Com= Complication, Res = Resolution, t = Re-orientation, o = coda)
d. Language Features (Ciri Kebahasaan)
Sedangkan ciri kebahasaannya yang digunakan pada kalimat di bacaan bertipe Narrative adalah:
- nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita, misalnya, stepsisters, housework, dsb.
- adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase, misalnya, long black hair, two red apples, dsb.
- time connectives dan conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian, misalnya then, before that, soon, dsb.
- adverbs dan adverbial phrases untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa, misalnya here, in the moun
tain, happily ever after,dsb. - action verbs dalam past tense; stayed, climbed, dsb
- saying verbs yang menandai ucapan seperti: said, told, promised, dan thinking verbs yang menandai pikiran
persepsi atau perasaan tokoh dalam cerita, misalnya thought, understood, felt, dsb.
CONTOH SOAL:
SOAL UN
This text is for questions 1 and 2
The cap seller had a sound sleep for one hour. When he got up, the first thing he did was to look into his bag. He was startled when he found all his caps were not there. He was wondering where they could have gone. Indeed, he was greatly puzzled.
When he looked up the sky, he was very surprised to see monkeys sitting on the branches of a tree, each wearing a cap on his head. They had evidently done it to imitate him.
He decided to get his caps back by making a humble request to the monkeys. In return, the monkeys only made faces of him. When he began to make gestures, even when he raised his fist towards them to threaten them, they also imitated him.
At last he hit upon a clever idea. “Monkeys are a great imitator, He thought. So he took off his own cap and threw it down on the ground. As he had expected, all the monkeys took off the caps and threw them down on the ground. Quickly he stood up and collected the caps, put them back into his bag and went away.
1. Why was each monkey wearing a cap on their head?
- They liked them
- They liked wearing caps
- They were imitating the cap seller
- They were teasing the cap seller
- They had stolen the caps
Kata kunci yang ada di pertanyaan adalah “each monkey wearing a cap on their head Cari keywords tersebut di bacaan. Kata kunci tersebut ada di paragraf 3 kalimat 1 dan 2: “When he looked up the sky, he was very surprised to see monkeys sitting on the branches of a tree, each wearing a cap on his head. They had evidently done it to imitate
him (Ketika dia melihat ke atas (langit), dia sangat kaget melihat monyet-monyet yang duduk di batang pohon, tiap monyet pakai topi di kepala mereka. Mereka melakukan itu untuk menirukan si penjual topi). Jawaban: C
2. What is the moral value of the text?
- Monkeys are clever animals
- Put your belongings in a safe place
- Kindness must be possesses by everyone
- Foolishness is a source of faulty
- You have to know who you are talking to
Moral value adalah coda (pelajaran yang dipetik dari cerita). Pada paragraf 4 dan 5 diceritakan bahwa penjual topi berusaha meminta topi-topi yang yang dipakai monyet-monyet dengan segala cara. akhirnya usahanya berhasil setelah dia mempelajari sifat monyet, yaitu suka menirukan. Si penjual topi melepas topinya dan monyet-monyet pun ikut melepas topinya. Dari cerita itu bisa diambil pelajaran bahwa kamu harus tahu dengan siapa kamu berbicara.
A long time ago, very few people lived in the New Territories. There were only a few villages. If the people wanted to go from one village to another, they often had to pass through wild and unsafe forest.
One day, a farmer’s young wife went to the next village to visit her own mother and brother. She brought along her baby son. When it was time for her to leave, her brother said “ it is getting dark. Let my son, Ah Tim go with you though the forest.”
So Ah Tim led the way and the young woman followed behind, carrying her baby. When they were in the forest, suddenly they saw a group of wolves. They began to run to avoid the danger, but Ah Tim kicked against a stone and fell down. At once the wolves caught him. The young woman cried to the wolves, “ please eat my own son instead.” Then, she put her baby son on the ground in front of the wolves and took her nephew away.
Everyone understood that this was because the woman was very good and kind. She had offered her own son’s life to save her nephew.
They ran back to the house and called for help. All men in the village fetched thick sticks and went back with her into the forest. When they got there, they saw something very strange. Instead of eating the woman’s baby the wolves were playing with him.
Read the text, then choose the best choice to each questions.
1. What separated between one village to another a long time ago in the New Territories ?
a. Another village
b. Mountains
c. Forests
d. Hills
e. Towers and logs
2. Who was Ah Tim ?
a. The young woman’s brother
b. The young woman’s son
c. The young woman’s brother and nephew
d. The young woman’s brother’s son
e. One of the men who fetched a stick
3. Who walked in front when they were in the forest ?
a. Ah Tm
b. The woman
c. The woman’s son
d. Her brother’s nephew
e. The baby and his mother
4. How could the wolves catch Ah Tim ?
a. He was afraid
b. He was stumbled by a stone
c. He ran slowly
d. The woman cried
e. The wolves were good runners
5. The woman gave her son to the wolves because
a. She loved her nephew than her son.
b. She thought about how her brother would be
c. She wanted her son was eaten by the wolves
d. She was crazy
e. She kept a grudge on his brother
6. What did the villagers bring sticks for ?
a. For the weapon to beat the wolves
b. To bring the woman’s nephew
c. For the fire woods.
d. For play
e. For building a house for the woman.
7. “ all men in the village fetched thick stick … “ the word “ fetched” has a similar meaning to :
a. Received
b. Caught
c. Got
d. Hit
e. Lifted
a. Located in one huge area
b. Situated in a large district
c. Separated by untamed jungles.
d. Wild and unsafe
e. Dark and very dangerous
a. Ah Tim wanted to see the wolves
b. His aunt wanted him to come long
c. Ah Tim was bored to live with his parents
d. The baby was too cute to be alone
e. Ah Tim would be a guardian for them
a. To describe the danger of the villages
b. To entertain the readers of the story
c. To tell the villagers’ relationship
d. To explain how important a relative is
e. To narrate how the wolves were playing with the baby.
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